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# [Exploring Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/)
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[A Visual Guide to DiffusionGemma](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-diffusiongemma)
[Going beyond autoregression.](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-diffusiongemma)
Jun 10 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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[A Visual Guide to Gemma 4 12B](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-gemma-4-12b)
[A unified, encoder-free multimodal model!](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-gemma-4-12b)
Jun 3 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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### April 2026
[A Visual Guide to Gemma 4](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-gemma-4)
[A great start to a new job ;)](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-gemma-4)
Apr 3 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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### February 2026
[The Story Behind the "RAG Pack"](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/the-story-behind-the-rag-pack)
[It all started with a course...](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/the-story-behind-the-rag-pack)
Feb 12 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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### March 2025
[A Visual Guide to LLM Agents](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-llm-agents)
[Exploring the main components of Single- and Multi-Agents](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-llm-agents)
Mar 17, 2025 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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![](../images/body-614582862cc7308dddf0.png)
### February 2025
[A Visual Guide to Reasoning LLMs](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-reasoning-llms)
[Exploring Test-Time Compute Techniques and DeepSeek-R1](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-reasoning-llms)
Feb 3, 2025 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
642
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### October 2024
[A Visual Guide to Mixture of Experts (MoE)](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-mixture-of-experts)
[Demystifying the role of MoE in Large Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-mixture-of-experts)
Oct 7, 2024 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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![](../images/body-cf8155c153f63cf8ad37.png)
### July 2024
[A Visual Guide to Quantization](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-quantization)
[Demystifying the Compression of Large Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-quantization)
Jul 22, 2024 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
546
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![](../images/body-77e687875e84cfaf1ef6.png)
### February 2024
[A Visual Guide to Mamba and State Space Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-mamba-and-state)
[An Alternative to Transformers for Language Modeling](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/a-visual-guide-to-mamba-and-state)
Feb 19, 2024 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
382
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![](../images/body-84d319b456479dbccfc2.png)
### December 2023
[Book Update #2 - Hands-On Large Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/book-update-2-hands-on-large-language)
[A Christmas Update!](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/book-update-2-hands-on-large-language)
Dec 21, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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![](../images/body-9554e80d1f1528e3a754.jpeg)
[BERTopic: What Is So Special About v0.16?](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/bertopic-what-is-so-special-about)
[Exploring Zero-Shot Topic Modeling, Model Merging, and LLMs](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/bertopic-what-is-so-special-about)
Dec 12, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
11
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### November 2023
[Which Quantization Method is Right for You? (GPTQ vs. GGUF vs. AWQ) ](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/which-quantization-method-is-right)
[Exploring Pre-Quantized Large Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/which-quantization-method-is-right)
Nov 13, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
40
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![](../images/body-aaebe7858b2ba4d2df0f.png)
### October 2023
[Introducing KeyLLM — Keyword Extraction with LLMs](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/introducing-keyllm-keyword-extraction)
[Use KeyLLM, KeyBERT, and Mistral 7B to extract keywords from your data](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/introducing-keyllm-keyword-extraction)
Oct 5, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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![](../images/body-471cdf977807b576ed17.png)
### September 2023
[3 Ways To Improve Your Large Language Model](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/3-ways-to-improve-your-llm)
[Enhancing the power of Llama 2](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/3-ways-to-improve-your-llm)
Sep 11, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
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![](../images/body-ff4a0fa085624316dee1.png)
### August 2023
[Topic Modeling with Llama 2](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/topic-modeling-with-llama-2)
[Create easily interpretable topics with Large Language Models](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/topic-modeling-with-llama-2)
Aug 21, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
24
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![](../images/body-3d46f73251d153c32204.png)
[Decoding Auto-GPT](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/decoding-auto-gpt)
[The Mechanics of an Autonomous GPT-4](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/decoding-auto-gpt)
Aug 7, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
11
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![](../images/body-23762bd6d11cc9f8a12e.png)
### June 2023
[Welcome!](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/coming-soon)
[Book Update #1](https://newsletter.maartengrootendorst.com/p/coming-soon)
Jun 18, 2023 • [Maarten Grootendorst](https://substack.com/@maartengrootendorst)
18
![](../images/body-e843127511e3c53acafe.jpeg)
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