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Sign in[Submit an Article](https://write.insightmediagroup.io) [Latest](https://towardsdatascience.com/latest/)[Editor's Picks](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/editors-pick/)[Newsletter](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/the-variable/)[ShipAI](https://towardsdatascience.com/shipai/) * * * [Write For TDS](https://towardsdatascience.com/submissions/) [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/towards-data-science/)[X](https://x.com/TDataScience)Toggle Search [Artificial Intelligence](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/) # Building Machine Learning Operations for Businesses A Blueprint for Effective MLOps to Support Your AI Strategy [John Adeojo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/johnadeojo/) June 20, 20235 min read ![Image by Author: Generated with Midjourney](../images/000.png) Image by Author: Generated with Midjourney **Pipelines** : Kedro structures your data processing as a pipeline of dependent tasks, enforcing a clear code structure and visualising data flow and dependencies. **Nodes** : In Kedro, a Node is a wrapper for a Python function that names the inputs and outputs of that function, serving as the building blocks of a Kedro pipeline. **Configuration** : Kedro manages different configurations for various environments (development, production, etc.) without hardcoding any configuration into your code. **I/O** : In Kedro, I/O operations are abstracted from the actual computation, which increases code testability and modularity and eases switching between different data sources. **Modularity and Reusability** : Kedro promotes a modular coding style that results in reusable, maintainable and testable code. **Testing** : Kedro integrates with PyTest, a testing framework in Python, making it easy to write tests for your pipeline. **Versioning** : Kedro supports versioning for data and code, enabling reproduction of any previous state of your pipeline. **Logging** : Kedro offers a standardised logging system for tracking events and changes. **Hooks and Plugins** : Kedro supports hooks and plugins, extending the framework capabilities as per project requirements. **Integration with other tools** : Kedro can be integrated with various tools like Jupyter notebook, Dask, Apache Spark, and others to facilitate different aspects of a data science workflow. All Kedro projects follow this basic template. Enforcing this standard across your data science teams will enable reproducibility and maintainability. For a more extensive overview of the Kedro framework, please visit these resources: * Kedro Documentation: [link](https://docs.kedro.org/en/stable/) * The Importance of Layered thinking in Data Engineering: [link](https://towardsdatascience.com/the-importance-of-layered-thinking-in-data-engineering-a09f685edc71) ### Registry & Storage - Data Version Control (DVC) Registry and storage underpin reproducibility in machine learning, something that any business looking to incorporate ML should bear in mind. ML models are essentially composed of code, data, model artefacts, and environment - all of which must be traceable for reproducibility. [DVC ](https://dvc.org/doc/start/data-management/data-versioning?tab=Windows-Cmd-)is a tool that provides version control and tracking for models and data. While GitHub could be an alternative, it's limited in its capacity to store large objects, posing issues for extensive datasets or models. DVC essentially extends Git, offering the same version control capabilities while enabling storage of larger datasets and models in a DVC repo, which can be either local or cloud-based. In commercial settings, there are obvious security benefits to versioning your code in a Git repo, while storing actual model artefacts and data separately in a controlled environment. _Remember, model reproducibility will become increasingly important as regulations tighten around the use of AI commercially. Reproducibility facilitates auditability._ * * * ## Model Pipeline Deployment - Docker ![Image by Author: Schematic of Docker deployment of inference pipeline. Note this same approach can be applied to the model monitoring and retraining pipeline](../images/001.png) Image by Author: Schematic of Docker deployment of inference pipeline. Note this same approach can be applied to the model monitoring and retraining pipeline Deployment isn't merely a single task but rather a meticulously crafted fusion of tools, activities, and processes; [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/) ties all these together for model deployment. Crucial for intricate ML applications with numerous dependencies, Docker ensures consistency across any machine by encapsulating the application with its environment. The process begins with a Dockerfile; Docker then uses its commands to construct an image, a ready-packaged model pipeline fit for any Docker-enabled machine. Teamed with Kedro's pipeline functionality, Docker can proficiently deploy both model retraining and inference pipelines, assuring reproducibility across all stages of the ML workflow. * * * ## Model Monitoring & Retraining Pipeline - MLflow Over time, machine learning models suffer from performance deterioration, which can be due to [concept drift](https://machinelearningmastery.com/gentle-introduction-concept-drift-machine-learning/) or [data drift](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/understanding-data-drift-model-drift). We want to be able to monitor when our models' performance begins to falter and re-train them when necessary. [MLflow](https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/index.html) provides us the ability to do this via its tracking API. The tracking API should be incorporated into the model training and inference pipelines built by the data scientists. Although I have specified MLflow for tracking in the model monitoring and retraining pipeline, tracking can also be done in the model development lab, particularly for experiment tracking. * * * ## The Inference Endpoint Given that the inference pipeline has been encapsulated into a Dockerfile, we can create a Docker image of the pipeline anywhere to be used as an API endpoint for any app. Depending on the use case, we will have to decide where we deploy the Docker image. That, however, is beyond the scope of this article. * * * ## Roles & Responsibilities Assigning distinct roles and responsibilities within MLOps is pivotal to its success. The multifaceted nature of MLOps, which spans across disciplines necessitates a clear demarcation of roles. This ensures that each task is performed efficiently. Further, it fosters accountability, facilitating a quicker resolution of issues. Lastly, clear delegation reduces confusion and overlap, making the team more efficient and helping to maintain a harmonious working environment. It's much like a well-oiled machine, with each cog playing its part to perfection. ### Data Scientists * **Role** : The main function of data scientists within MLOps strategies is to concentrate on model development. This encompasses initial experiments, prototyping and setting up modelling pipelines for validated models. * **Responsibilities** : Data scientists ensure models adhere to machine learning best practices and align with business cases. Beyond lab tasks, they engage with business stakeholders to identify impactful solutions. They take full ownership for the data labs, a lead data scientist should set the operating rhythm and best practices for setting up labs. ### Machine Learning Engineers * **Role** : ML engineers oversee the MLOps' technical infrastructure, exploring innovative solutions, crafting strategies alongside data scientists, and enhancing process efficiencies. * **Responsibilities** : They ensure the functionality of the technical infrastructure, monitor performance of components to control costs, and confirm production models meet demand at the required scale. ### Data Governance Professionals * **Role** : Data governance professionals maintain security and data privacy policies, playing a pivotal role in the secure transfer of data within the MLOps framework. * **Responsibilities** : Although data governance is everyone's responsibility, these professionals create policies and ensure compliance through regular checks and audits. They keep up with regulations and ensure compliance from all data consumers. * * * ## Conclusion Navigating the realm of MLOps is a task that demands deliberate planning, the right blend of technology and talent, and an organisational culture that endorses change and learning. The journey may appear complex, but by employing a well-designed blueprint and by approaching MLOps as a holistic, iterative process rather than a one-off project, you can derive immense value from your AI strategies. Remember, though, that no single approach fits every scenario. It's crucial to tailor your strategy to your specific needs and to remain agile to changing circumstances. * * * _Follow me on_[ _LinkedIn_](https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-adeojo/) _Subscribe to medium to get more insights from me:_ > [**Join Medium with my referral link - John Adeojo**](https://johnadeojo.medium.com/membership) _Should you be interested in integrating AI or data science into your business operations, we invite you to schedule a complimentary initial consultation with us:_ > [**Book Online | Data-Centric Solutions**](https://www.data-centric-solutions.com/book-online) ## Register Now to Continue Reading ### Unlock Towards Data Science with a Free Account All articles on Towards Data Science are available to registered users. Create a free account today to access this article and thousands more. Register for freeSign in to your account * * * ![](../images/body-ead068aa953e7b688a96.png) Written By ## [John Adeojo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/johnadeojo/) [See all from John Adeojo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/johnadeojo/) [Artificial Intelligence](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/artificial-intelligence/)[Business Strategy](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/business-strategy/)[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/data-science/)[Machine Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/machine-learning/)[Technology](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/technology/) Share This Article * [](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%2Fbuilding-machine-learning-operations-for-businesses-6d0bfbbf2139%2F&title=Building%20Machine%20Learning%20Operations%20for%20Businesses) * [](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%2Fbuilding-machine-learning-operations-for-businesses-6d0bfbbf2139%2F&title=Building%20Machine%20Learning%20Operations%20for%20Businesses) * [](https://x.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%2Fbuilding-machine-learning-operations-for-businesses-6d0bfbbf2139%2F&text=Building%20Machine%20Learning%20Operations%20for%20Businesses) Towards Data Science is a community publication. 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