{ "source_file": "0930", "source_platform": "Substack", "author": "The Generalist\nMario Gabriele", "title_listed": "Own or Be Owned: Why Every Company Needs Its Own AI Model", "keywords": "自定义模型, 后训练, RLHF, 模型微调, 评估", "domain": "大模型算法", "content_type": "访谈", "is_paid_flag": "付费", "url": "https://www.generalist.com/p/own-or-be-owned-why-every-company", "publish_date": "2025-06", "corpus_stage": "预训练", "notes": "Applied Compute CEO访谈：后训练与RLVR构建竞争优势，evals作为新的生产环境", "id": "684faf92a0de", "collected_at": "2026-10-01T20:12:23", "title": "Own or Be Owned: Why Every Company Needs Its Own AI Model (Yash Patil, Co-Founder & CEO of Applied Compute)", "body_markdown": "[![The Generalist](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hCZr!,w_40,h_40,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2dfe63cd-67ea-49ba-92df-930520a822a0_500x500.png)](https://www.generalist.com/)\n# [The Generalist](https://www.generalist.com/)\nSubscribeSign in\n[![The Generalist](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFS7!,w_144,h_144,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ede6a-215e-4b53-b1e0-8dbd03bdbfa8_3000x3000)](https://www.generalist.com)\nThe Generalist\nOwn or Be Owned: Why Every Company Needs Its Own AI Model (Yash Patil, Co-Founder & CEO of Applied Compute)\n69\n1\n1×\n0:00\nCurrent time: 0:00 / Total time: -1:08:05\n-1:08:05\nAudio playback is not supported on your browser. Please upgrade.\n## Own or Be Owned: Why Every Company Needs Its Own AI Model (Yash Patil, Co-Founder & CEO of Applied Compute)\nYash Patil (Applied Compute) explains why companies need custom AI models, how post-training works, and why AI’s economic rollout will take decades.\n[Mario Gabriele](https://substack.com/@generalist)\nJun 23, 2026\n69\n1\nShare\nTranscript\n> “No one is data ready. Absolutely no one is data ready.” —Yash Patil\n**Listen or watch now on \n[YouTube](https://youtu.be/B-MxM-OqON8), [Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/show/6mHuHe0Tj6XVxpgaw4WsJV), or [Apple Podcasts](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-generalist/id1805868710)**\n[Yash Patil](https://www.linkedin.com/in/yash-s-patil) is the 23-year-old founder and CEO of Applied Compute, a $1.3 billion company helping businesses train custom AI models on their own data: smaller, cheaper, and purpose-built for the work they actually do. Before founding the company, Yash dropped out of Stanford and spent two years at OpenAI working on post-training infrastructure and Codex. He left with one core conviction: every company that runs its critical workflows on someone else’s model is building on shifting sand. Applied Compute is his answer to that problem, already serving customers including DoorDash, Cognition, and Mercor.\n**In our conversation, we explore:**\n * Why “own or be owned” is becoming existential for any company that relies on frontier AI models\n * What it was like inside OpenAI the weekend the board fired, and then reinstated, its CEO\n * Why post-training is where competitive advantage is now being built, and what reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards actually is\n * Why evals have become the new production environment, and why companies will never share them with frontier providers\n * How a specialized model built for DoorDash outperformed frontier models on a narrow, high-value task\n * Why cost, not capability, is now the primary driver pushing companies toward custom models\n * Why Yash believes AI’s transformation of the economy will unfold over decades, and why near-term fears about mass job displacement are misplaced\n\n\n* * *\n## Thank you to the partners who make this possible\n[![](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d4416c-12ad-4010-8780-7fdb0431c651_1600x128.png)](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d4416c-12ad-4010-8780-7fdb0431c651_1600x128.png)\n**[Brex](https://www.brex.com/mario) :** The intelligent finance platform.\n**[Guru](https://www.getguru.com/) :** The AI source of truth for work.\n**[Persona](https://withpersona.com/generalist) :** Trusted identity verification for any use case.\n* * *\n## Explore the episode\n### Timestamps\n([00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8)) Introduction\n([03:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=230s)) Fable 5 and the case for owning your own models\n([09:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=562s)) Why Applied Compute is betting on custom AI models\n([12:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=750s)) Yash’s early influences and first projects\n([17:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=1062s)) His brief time building at Stanford\n([19:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=1169s)) Leaving Stanford for OpenAI\n([25:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=1558s)) Inside OpenAI during Sam Altman’s firing\n([28:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=1698s)) What Yash admires about Sam Altman\n([29:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=1783s)) Teaching models to reason\n([35:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=2139s)) The core insight behind Applied Compute\n([39:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=2380s)) How Applied Compute works with its customers\n([45:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=2755s)) Why model training never ends\n([48:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=2936s)) Why not every task needs a frontier model\n([51:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=3085s)) The culture and people of Applied Compute\n([54:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=3290s)) Applied Compute’s training infrastructure\n([58:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=3523s)) The coming compute crunch and other predictions\n([1:03:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MxM-OqON8&t=3828s)) Final meditations\n* * *\n## Follow Yash Patil\nX: [https://x.com/ypatil125](https://x.com/ypatil125)\nWebsite: [https://yashpatil.me](https://yashpatil.me)\nLinkedIn: [https://www.linkedin.com/in/yash-s-patil](https://www.linkedin.com/in/yash-s-patil)\n* * *\n## Resources and episode mentions\n### Books\n * _The Design of Everyday Things_ : [https://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Revised-Expanded/dp/0465050654](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Revised-Expanded/dp/0465050654)\n\n\n### People\n * Brendan Foody on X: [https://x.com/BrendanFoody](https://x.com/BrendanFoody)\n * Luke Metz’s website: [https://lukemetz.com](https://lukemetz.com)\n * Barret Zoph on X: [https://x.com/barret_zoph](https://x.com/barret_zoph)\n * John Schulman on X: [https://x.com/johnschulman2](https://x.com/johnschulman2)\n * Ian Osborne on LinkedIn: [https://www.linkedin.com/in/ian-osborne](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ian-osborne)\n\n\n### Other resources\n * Applied Compute: [https://www.appliedcompute.com](https://www.appliedcompute.com)\n * Claude Fable 5 and Claude Mythos 5: [https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-fable-5-mythos-5](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-fable-5-mythos-5)\n * Goldman Sachs: [https://www.goldmansachs.com/](https://www.goldmansachs.com/)\n * Sarah Chieng’s post on X: [https://x.com/MilksandMatcha/status/1983587401688870972](https://x.com/MilksandMatcha/status/1983587401688870972)\n * Science Olympiad: [https://www.soinc.org](https://www.soinc.org)\n * Chai Discovery: [https://www.chaidiscovery.com](https://www.chaidiscovery.com)\n * TreeHacks: [https://treehacks.com](https://treehacks.com)\n * Thiel Fellowship: [https://thielfellowship.org](https://thielfellowship.org)\n * Building a hill-climbing machine: Launching seven new MAI models: [https://microsoft.ai/news/building-a-hillclimbing-machine-launching-seven-new-mai-models](https://microsoft.ai/news/building-a-hillclimbing-machine-launching-seven-new-mai-models)\n * Kirkland & Ellis: [https://www.kirkland.com](https://www.kirkland.com)\n * Palantir: [https://www.palantir.com](https://www.palantir.com)\n * Automating Merchant Onboarding at DoorDash: [https://www.appliedcompute.com/case-studies/doordash](https://www.appliedcompute.com/case-studies/doordash)\n * Composer: [https://cursor.com/blog/composer](https://cursor.com/blog/composer)\n * NVIDIA: [https://www.nvidia.com](https://www.nvidia.com)\n * DeployCo: [https://www.deployco.co](https://www.deployco.co)\n\n\n* * *\n## Subscribe to the show\nI’d love it if you’d subscribe and share the show. Your support makes all the difference as we try to bring more curious minds into the conversation.\n[YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5xRQOIT8cfumDr2HaKNd4g?sub_confirmation=1)\n[Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/show/6mHuHe0Tj6XVxpgaw4WsJV)\n[Apple](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-generalist/id1805868710)\n* * *\n_Production and marketing by[penname.co](https://penname.co/). 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