{
  "source_file": "0930",
  "source_platform": "Medium",
  "author": "Will Koehrsen",
  "title_listed": "Automated Feature Engineering in Python",
  "keywords": "特征工程,自动化,Python",
  "domain": "数据处理",
  "content_type": "深度技术解析",
  "is_paid_flag": "否",
  "url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/automated-feature-engineering-in-python-99baf11cc219",
  "publish_date": "2018-06",
  "corpus_stage": "数据处理",
  "notes": "Python自动化特征工程（featuretools）",
  "id": "cfb8e9049717",
  "collected_at": "2026-10-01T20:54:39",
  "title": "Towards Data Science",
  "body_markdown": "![Revisit consent button](../images/body-df29beacd7496220cc94.svg)\nWe value your privacy\nWe use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalised ads or content, and analyse our traffic. By clicking \"Accept All\", you consent to our use of cookies.\nCustomise Reject All Accept All\nCustomise Consent Preferences ![](../images/body-2159bb67f3de8ad870eb.svg)\nWe use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below.\nThe cookies that are categorised as \"Necessary\" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site. ... Show more\nNecessaryAlways Active\nNecessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site, such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data.\n  * Cookie\nBCTempID\n  * Duration\n10 minutes\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__cf_bm\n  * Duration\n1 hour\n  * Description\nThis cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. \n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBCORS\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nAmazon Web Services set this cookie for load balancing.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_cfuvid\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nCloudflare sets this cookie to track users across sessions to optimize user experience by maintaining session consistency and providing personalized services\n\n\n  * Cookie\nli_gc\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nLinkedin set this cookie for storing visitor's consent regarding using cookies for non-essential purposes.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__hssrc\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by Hubspot whenever it changes the session cookie. The __hssrc cookie set to 1 indicates that the user has restarted the browser, and if the cookie does not exist, it is assumed to be a new session.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__hssc\n  * Duration\n1 hour\n  * Description\nHubSpot sets this cookie to keep track of sessions and to determine if HubSpot should increment the session number and timestamps in the __hstc cookie.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nwpEmojiSettingsSupports\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nWordPress sets this cookie when a user interacts with emojis on a WordPress site. It helps determine if the user's browser can display emojis properly.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nBCSessionID\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nBlueconic sets this cookie as a unique identifier for the BlueConic profile.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_octo\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nlogged_in\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-YEC\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__eoi\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBTGCORS\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nlogin-status-p\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBTG\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncsrf_token\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ntoken_v2\n  * Duration\n1 day\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nD\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nPHPSESSID\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is native to PHP applications. The cookie stores and identifies a user's unique session ID to manage user sessions on the website. The cookie is a session cookie and will be deleted when all the browser windows are closed.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nVISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. \n\n\n  * Cookie\ncookietest\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe cookietest cookie is typically used to determine whether the user's browser accepts cookies, essential for website functionality and user experience.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-airtable-session\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is used to enable us to integrate the services of Airtable.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-airtable-session.sig\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is used to enable us to integrate the services of Airtable.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nm\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nStripe sets this cookie for fraud prevention purposes. It identifies the device used to access the website, allowing the website to be formatted accordingly.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nBIGipServer*\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nMarketo sets this cookie to collect information about the user's online activity and build a profile about their interests to provide advertisements relevant to the user. \n\n\n  * Cookie\n__cfruid\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nCloudflare sets this cookie to identify trusted web traffic.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_GRECAPTCHA\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nGoogle Recaptcha service sets this cookie to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-YNID\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nGoogle cookie used to protect user security and prevent fraud, especially during the login process.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncookieyes-consent\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nCookieYes sets this cookie to remember users' consent preferences so that their preferences are respected on subsequent visits to this site. It does not collect or store any personal information about the site visitors.\n\n\nFunctional\nFunctional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collecting feedback, and other third-party features.\n  * Cookie\nlidc\n  * Duration\n1 day\n  * Description\nLinkedIn sets the lidc cookie to facilitate data center selection.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbrw\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbrwConsent\n  * Duration\n5 minutes\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nWMF-Uniq\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloom_anon_comment\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloom_referral_video\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nVISITOR_INFO1_LIVE\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nA cookie set by YouTube to measure bandwidth that determines whether the user gets the new or old player interface.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-connected-devices\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nThe cookie ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY is used by YouTube to store the last search result entry that was clicked by the user. This information is used to improve the user experience by providing more relevant search results in the future.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-device-id\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-session-name\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-session-name cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-fast-check-period\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-fast-check-period cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences for embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-session-app\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-session-app cookie is used by YouTube to store user preferences and information about the interface of the embedded YouTube video player.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-cast-available\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-cast-available cookie is used to store the user's preferences regarding whether casting is available on their YouTube video player.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-cast-installed\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-cast-installed cookie is used to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncp_session\n  * Duration\n3 months\n  * Description\nCodepen sets this cookie for Help systems found in the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloid\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by the Reddit. The cookie enables the sharing of content from the website onto the social media platform.\n\n\nAnalytics\nAnalytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.\n  * Cookie\n__hstc\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nHubspot set this main cookie for tracking visitors. It contains the domain, initial timestamp (first visit), last timestamp (last visit), current timestamp (this visit), and session number (increments for each subsequent session).\n\n\n  * Cookie\nhubspotutk\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nHubSpot sets this cookie to keep track of the visitors to the website. This cookie is passed to HubSpot on form submission and used when deduplicating contacts.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_ga\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nGoogle Analytics sets this cookie to calculate visitor, session and campaign data and track site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognise unique visitors.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_ga_*\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nGoogle Analytics sets this cookie to store and count page views.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-psifi.analyticsTrace\n  * Duration\n6 hours\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-psifi.analyticsTraceV2\n  * Duration\n6 hours\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_gh_sess\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nGitHub sets this cookie for temporary application and framework state between pages like what step the user is on in a multiple step form.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nYSC\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nYSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages.\n\n\n  * Cookie\najs_anonymous_id\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by Segment to count the number of people who visit a certain site by tracking if they have visited before.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nvuid\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nVimeo installs this cookie to collect tracking information by setting a unique ID to embed videos on the website. \n\n\nPerformance\nPerformance cookies are used to understand and analyse the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.\n  * Cookie\nAWSALB\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nAWSALB is an application load balancer cookie set by Amazon Web Services to map the session to the target.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nacq\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nacq.sig\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nptc\n  * Duration\n2 years\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\nAdvertisement\nAdvertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customised advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyse the effectiveness of the ad campaigns.\n  * Cookie\nmuc_ads\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to collect user behaviour and interaction data to optimize the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id_marketing\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id_ads\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor.\n\n\n  * Cookie\npersonalization_id\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to integrate and share features for social media and also store information about how the user uses the website, for tracking and targeting.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor. It registers if a user is signed in to the Twitter platform and collects information about ad preferences.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbcookie\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nLinkedIn sets this cookie from LinkedIn share buttons and ad tags to recognize browser IDs.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to manage feature rollout and experimentation. It helps Google control which new features or interface changes are shown to users as part of testing and staged rollouts, ensuring consistent experience for a given user during an experiment.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt.innertube::nextId\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt.innertube::requests\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nsession_tracker\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by the Reddit. This cookie is used to identify trusted web traffic. It also helps in adverstising on the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nedgebucket\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nReddit sets this cookie to save the information about a log-on Reddit user, for the purpose of advertisement recommendations and updating the content.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ndid\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nArbor sets this cookie to show targeted ads to site visitors.This cookie expires after 2 months or 1 year.\n\n\nUncategorised\nOther uncategorised cookies are those that are being analysed and have not been classified into a category as yet.\nNo cookies to display.\nReject All Save My Preferences Accept All\nToggle Search[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)Toggle Mobile Navigation\n[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)\nPublish AI, ML & data-science insights to a global community of data professionals.\nSign in[Submit an Article](https://write.insightmediagroup.io)\n[Latest](https://towardsdatascience.com/latest/)[Editor's Picks](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/editors-pick/)[Newsletter](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/the-variable/)[ShipAI](https://towardsdatascience.com/shipai/)\n* * *\n[Write For TDS](https://towardsdatascience.com/submissions/)\n[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/towards-data-science/)[X](https://x.com/TDataScience)Toggle Search\n  * [![](../images/011.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n## [Where the Agent Development Lifecycle Fits](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nCoordinating agent capability development with the application it powers\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nOctober 2, 202611 min read\n  * [![](../images/012.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n## [How to Build a Control Plane for AI Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nGiving an LLM permission to act, in 9 steps\n[Ari Joury, PhD](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arijoury/)\nOctober 2, 202614 min read\n\n\n## Latest\n  * [![](../images/002.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/autoencoders-vs-pca-i-rigged-the-test-and-pca-still-won/)\n## [Autoencoders vs. PCA: I Rigged the Test and PCA Still Won](https://towardsdatascience.com/autoencoders-vs-pca-i-rigged-the-test-and-pca-still-won/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nA theoretical advantage that didn't survive contact with a real benchmark.\n[Himanshu Sharma](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/hmix13/)\nOctober 1, 20267 min read\n  * [![](../images/003.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/can-an-apartment-search-agent-call-the-model-fewer-times-and-still-find-good-matches/)\n## [Can an Apartment Search Agent Call the Model Fewer Times and Still Find Good Matches?](https://towardsdatascience.com/can-an-apartment-search-agent-call-the-model-fewer-times-and-still-find-good-matches/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nI traced 2,500 listing checks with Weights & Biases Weave, removed avoidable model work one change at a time, and scored every version against the same answers.\n[Abdullahi Dattijo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/abdullahi.dattijo/)\nOctober 1, 202625 min read\n  * [![](../images/013.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n## [What the ReLU Revolution Revealed About Biological Plausibility](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n[Deep Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/deep-learning/)\nThe activation function was never a fixed biological commitment but a working hypothesis revised under empirical pressure.\n[Rob Taylor](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/dataforyou/)\nOctober 1, 202610 min read\n  * [![](../images/005.png)](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-ai-bill-is-a-toll-booth-stop-paying-twice/)\n## [Your AI Bill Is a Toll Booth. Stop Paying Twice.](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-ai-bill-is-a-toll-booth-stop-paying-twice/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nThe budget nobody saw coming\n[Gursimar Singh](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/gursimarsingh/)\nOctober 1, 202617 min read\n  * [![](../images/014.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n## [How Many Stories Can Your Data Tell?](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nHow the way we represent data can change what we think the data is saying\n[Sara A. Metwalli](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/saraametwalli/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](../images/015.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n## [Insight Is Still the Currency of Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nCoding agents give us more time for discovery and our review practices should follow the analysis\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nSeptember 30, 202610 min read\n  * [![](../images/008.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-solve-issues-when-you-nest-measures-while-overwriting-the-same-filter/)\n## [How to Solve Issues When You Nest Measures While Overwriting the Same Filter](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-solve-issues-when-you-nest-measures-while-overwriting-the-same-filter/)\n[Power BI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-analysis/power-bi/)\nIn DAX, we reuse existing measures all the time when writing new measures. What happens when we write a measure based on another measure and try to change a filter already set in the nested measure?\n[Salvatore Cagliari](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/salvatorecagliari/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](../images/009.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/towards-spec-driven-test-automation-part-2/)\n## [Towards Spec-Driven Test Automation: Part 2](https://towardsdatascience.com/towards-spec-driven-test-automation-part-2/)\n[Software Engineering](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/programming/software-engineering/)\nOne run, and what it actually proves\n[Gal Arav](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arav.012/)\nSeptember 30, 202612 min read\n  * [![](../images/010.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/i-compacted-1000-apache-iceberg-files-into-6-heres-what-happened-to-query-performance/)\n## [I Compacted 1,000 Apache Iceberg Files Into 6. Here’s What Happened to Query Performance.](https://towardsdatascience.com/i-compacted-1000-apache-iceberg-files-into-6-heres-what-happened-to-query-performance/)\n[Data Engineering](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/data-engineering/)\nBenchmarking the impact of fewer, larger files across three SQL workloads\n[Thomas Reid](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/thomas_reid/)\nSeptember 29, 202613 min read\n\n\n[See all the latest](https://towardsdatascience.com/latest)\n## Editor's Picks\n  * [![](../images/011.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n## [Where the Agent Development Lifecycle Fits](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nCoordinating agent capability development with the application it powers\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nOctober 2, 202611 min read\n  * [![](../images/012.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n## [How to Build a Control Plane for AI Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nGiving an LLM permission to act, in 9 steps\n[Ari Joury, PhD](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arijoury/)\nOctober 2, 202614 min read\n  * [![](../images/013.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n## [What the ReLU Revolution Revealed About Biological Plausibility](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n[Deep Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/deep-learning/)\nThe activation function was never a fixed biological commitment but a working hypothesis revised under empirical pressure.\n[Rob Taylor](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/dataforyou/)\nOctober 1, 202610 min read\n  * [![](../images/014.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n## [How Many Stories Can Your Data Tell?](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nHow the way we represent data can change what we think the data is saying\n[Sara A. Metwalli](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/saraametwalli/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](../images/015.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n## [Insight Is Still the Currency of Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nCoding agents give us more time for discovery and our review practices should follow the analysis\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nSeptember 30, 202610 min read\n  * [![](../images/016.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-made-data-scientists-faster-now-its-expanding-the-job/)\n## [AI Made Data Scientists Faster. Now It’s Expanding the Job.](https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-made-data-scientists-faster-now-its-expanding-the-job/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nThe real shift is bigger than productivity: AI is reshaping ownership, judgment, and the career path of data scientists.\n[Yu Dong](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/ydong029/)\nSeptember 29, 202610 min read\n\n\n## The Variable Newsletter\n  * [![](../images/017.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-vibe-coding-is-great-until-its-not/)\n## [TDS Newsletter: Vibe Coding Is Great. Until It's Not.](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-vibe-coding-is-great-until-its-not/)\n[The Variable](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/the-variable/)\nSorting through the good, bad, and ambiguous aspects of vibe coding\n[TDS Editors](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/towardsdatascience/)\nFebruary 5, 20264 min read\n  * [![](../images/018.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-january-must-reads-on-data-platforms-infinite-context-and-more/)\n## [TDS Newsletter: January Must-Reads on Data Platforms, Infinite Context, and More](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-january-must-reads-on-data-platforms-infinite-context-and-more/)\n[The Variable](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/the-variable/)\nDon't miss our most-read and -shared stories of the past month\n[TDS Editors](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/towardsdatascience/)\nJanuary 29, 20263 min read\n\n\n## Deep Dives\n  * [![](../images/019.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/seizing-the-moment-the-hidden-silhouette-of-data/)\n## [Seizing the Moment: The Hidden Silhouette of Data](https://towardsdatascience.com/seizing-the-moment-the-hidden-silhouette-of-data/)\n[Data analysis](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/data-analysis/)\nHow statistical moments connect the mean, the variance, and higher powers of a distribution\n[Aniruddha Karajgi](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/polaris000/)\nSeptember 15, 202615 min read\n  * [![](../images/020.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-models-mse-is-lying-to-you/)\n## [Your Model’s MSE Is Lying to You](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-models-mse-is-lying-to-you/)\n[Machine Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning/)\nFirst in a series on probabilistic forecasting for physical signals. Next: what happens when you roll the forecast forward more than one step.\n[Waleed Esmail](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/waleed.esmail/)\nSeptember 14, 202624 min read\n  * [![](../images/021.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/when-to-use-one-model-and-when-to-use-a-team-of-agents/)\n## [When to Use One Model and When to Use a Team of Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/when-to-use-one-model-and-when-to-use-a-team-of-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nWhen Codex is the right shape for the problem, when Claude Code is, and how I split 5 specialist agents between them on dense AI capacity work.\n[Naveen Goel](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/naveengoel/)\nSeptember 14, 202616 min read\n  * [![](../images/022.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/from-static-to-dynamic-skills-a-different-model-for-agent-knowledge/)\n## [From Static to Dynamic Skills: A Different Model for Agent Knowledge](https://towardsdatascience.com/from-static-to-dynamic-skills-a-different-model-for-agent-knowledge/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nWhy the skill-inflation panic is aimed at the wrong thing, and what it costs to make agent knowledge a build artifact instead of a file.\n[Tomer Mesika](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/tomer-mesika-tds/)\nSeptember 14, 202614 min read\n  * [![](../images/023.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/one-capital-letter-was-silently-breaking-my-ai-support-bot-and-it-wasnt-in-the-new-model/)\n## [One Capital Letter Was Silently Breaking My AI Support Bot](https://towardsdatascience.com/one-capital-letter-was-silently-breaking-my-ai-support-bot-and-it-wasnt-in-the-new-model/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nA real Weave project that regression-tests three OpenAI models against the exact reply format your app depends on.\n[Abdullahi Dattijo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/abdullahi.dattijo/)\nSeptember 12, 202632 min read\n  * [![](../images/024.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/coding-agents-dont-need-longer-history-they-need-intent-continuity/)\n## [Coding Agents Don't Need Longer History — They Need Intent Continuity](https://towardsdatascience.com/coding-agents-dont-need-longer-history-they-need-intent-continuity/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nI built a system that automatically discovers, verifies, and applies relevant requirements from earlier interactions without asking the user where they came from.\n[Emmimal P Alexander](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/emmimalp.alexander/)\nSeptember 11, 202617 min read\n\n\n  * [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/TowardsDataScience)\n  * [X](https://x.com/TDataScience)\n  * [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/towards-data-science/)\n  * [Threads](https://www.threads.net/@towardsdatascience)\n  * [Bluesky](https://bsky.app/profile/towardsdatascience.com)\n\n\n[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)\nYour home for data science and AI. The world's leading publication for data science, data analytics, data engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence professionals.\nSubscribe to Our Newsletter[Write For TDS](https://towardsdatascience.com/submissions/)•[About](https://towardsdatascience.com/about-towards-data-science-d691af11cc2f/)•[Advertise](https://contact.towardsdatascience.com/advertise-with-towards-data-science)•[Privacy Policy](https://towardsdatascience.com/privacy-policy/)•[Terms of Use](https://towardsdatascience.com/website-terms-of-use/)\n© Insight Media Group, LLC 2026•[The New Stack](https://thenewstack.io)•[roadmap.sh](https://roadmap.sh)•[Creator Network](https://insightmediagroup.io/creator-network)\n",
  "metadata": {
    "title": "Towards Data Science",
    "description": "Your home for data science and AI. The world's leading publication for data science, data analytics, data engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence professionals.",
    "keywords": null,
    "author": null,
    "og:locale": "en_US",
    "og:type": "website",
    "og:title": "Towards Data Science",
    "og:description": "Your home for data science and AI. The world's leading publication for data science, data analytics, data engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence professionals.",
    "og:url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/",
    "og:site_name": "Towards Data Science",
    "og:image": "https://towardsdatascience.com/images/default-og-image.jpg",
    "og:image:width": "1200",
    "og:image:height": "675",
    "og:image:type": "image/jpeg",
    "twitter:card": "summary_large_image",
    "twitter:site": "@TDataScience"
  },
  "paywall": {
    "listed_paid": false,
    "detected": false,
    "marker": "",
    "public_only": false,
    "policy": "付费/会员内容只保留页面公开可见部分，不绕过付费墙"
  },
  "crawl": {
    "success": true,
    "status_code": 202,
    "error": "",
    "retried": true
  },
  "code_blocks": [],
  "images": [
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/revisit.svg",
      "bytes": 2339,
      "reused": false,
      "content_type": "image/svg+xml",
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/body-df29beacd7496220cc94.svg",
      "src": "https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/revisit.svg",
      "alt": "Revisit consent button",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/close.svg",
      "bytes": 1345,
      "reused": false,
      "content_type": "image/svg+xml",
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/body-2159bb67f3de8ad870eb.svg",
      "src": "https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/close.svg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790598882028_whe4x7.webp",
      "bytes": 145528,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/011.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790598882028_whe4x7.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790612394479_lxsop2.jpg",
      "bytes": 293936,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/012.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790612394479_lxsop2.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790678557625_okmbg1.webp",
      "bytes": 248686,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/002.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790678557625_okmbg1.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790515955120_pdse4x.webp",
      "bytes": 33166,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/003.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790515955120_pdse4x.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790461942009_dab6y7.jpg",
      "bytes": 79125,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/013.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790461942009_dab6y7.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790421604416_u11vqj.png",
      "bytes": 195667,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/005.png",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790421604416_u11vqj.png",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790512789799_2i0nw1.jpg",
      "bytes": 351994,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/014.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790512789799_2i0nw1.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790684776757_348j4l.jpg",
      "bytes": 286403,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/015.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790684776757_348j4l.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790513898793_jo9vwg.jpg",
      "bytes": 312137,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/008.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790513898793_jo9vwg.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790033360471_m601xr.webp",
      "bytes": 41786,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/009.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790033360471_m601xr.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1787781210598_j4iw9v.webp",
      "bytes": 181160,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/010.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1787781210598_j4iw9v.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790411991530_9wpe0y.webp",
      "bytes": 119192,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/016.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790411991530_9wpe0y.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/annie-spratt-kDT-gRJanKw-unsplash.jpg",
      "bytes": 733955,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/017.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/annie-spratt-kDT-gRJanKw-unsplash.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/helen-michielin-Q80f8Gq_Jdg-unsplash.jpg",
      "bytes": 415830,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/018.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/helen-michielin-Q80f8Gq_Jdg-unsplash.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789364910331_1dst0h.jpg",
      "bytes": 30228,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/019.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789364910331_1dst0h.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789304445348_mvseq9.webp",
      "bytes": 25412,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/020.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789304445348_mvseq9.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789058744276_qdgcun.webp",
      "bytes": 18906,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/021.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789058744276_qdgcun.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789064330790_5tdxoz.jpg",
      "bytes": 148481,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/022.jpg",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789064330790_5tdxoz.jpg",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1788899538392_bag344.webp",
      "bytes": 62134,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/023.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1788899538392_bag344.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    },
    {
      "status": "ok",
      "url": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789012369567_r109sa.webp",
      "bytes": 209992,
      "reused": true,
      "local_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/images/024.webp",
      "src": "https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789012369567_r109sa.webp",
      "alt": "",
      "downloaded": true,
      "discovery": "saved_markdown"
    }
  ],
  "audio": [],
  "videos": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/TowardsDataScience",
      "kind": "channel_reference",
      "status": "reference_only"
    }
  ],
  "links": [],
  "retry_at": "2026-10-03T07:57:54",
  "repair_version": 2,
  "repaired_at": "2026-10-20T17:30:10Z",
  "source_url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/automated-feature-engineering-in-python-99baf11cc219",
  "delivery_status": "unverified",
  "discovery_status": "http_403",
  "missing_reason": "http_403",
  "repair_error": "",
  "actual_video_files": [],
  "expected_saved_body_images": 22,
  "image_discovery": "saved_markdown",
  "source_body_markdown": "![Revisit consent button](https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/revisit.svg)\nWe value your privacy\nWe use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalised ads or content, and analyse our traffic. By clicking \"Accept All\", you consent to our use of cookies.\nCustomise Reject All Accept All\nCustomise Consent Preferences ![](https://cdn-cookieyes.com/assets/images/close.svg)\nWe use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below.\nThe cookies that are categorised as \"Necessary\" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site. ... Show more\nNecessaryAlways Active\nNecessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site, such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data.\n  * Cookie\nBCTempID\n  * Duration\n10 minutes\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__cf_bm\n  * Duration\n1 hour\n  * Description\nThis cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. \n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBCORS\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nAmazon Web Services set this cookie for load balancing.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_cfuvid\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nCloudflare sets this cookie to track users across sessions to optimize user experience by maintaining session consistency and providing personalized services\n\n\n  * Cookie\nli_gc\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nLinkedin set this cookie for storing visitor's consent regarding using cookies for non-essential purposes.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__hssrc\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by Hubspot whenever it changes the session cookie. The __hssrc cookie set to 1 indicates that the user has restarted the browser, and if the cookie does not exist, it is assumed to be a new session.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__hssc\n  * Duration\n1 hour\n  * Description\nHubSpot sets this cookie to keep track of sessions and to determine if HubSpot should increment the session number and timestamps in the __hstc cookie.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nwpEmojiSettingsSupports\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nWordPress sets this cookie when a user interacts with emojis on a WordPress site. It helps determine if the user's browser can display emojis properly.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nBCSessionID\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nBlueconic sets this cookie as a unique identifier for the BlueConic profile.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_octo\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nlogged_in\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-YEC\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__eoi\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBTGCORS\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nlogin-status-p\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nAWSALBTG\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncsrf_token\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ntoken_v2\n  * Duration\n1 day\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nD\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nPHPSESSID\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is native to PHP applications. The cookie stores and identifies a user's unique session ID to manage user sessions on the website. The cookie is a session cookie and will be deleted when all the browser windows are closed.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nVISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. \n\n\n  * Cookie\ncookietest\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe cookietest cookie is typically used to determine whether the user's browser accepts cookies, essential for website functionality and user experience.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-airtable-session\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is used to enable us to integrate the services of Airtable.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-airtable-session.sig\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is used to enable us to integrate the services of Airtable.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nm\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nStripe sets this cookie for fraud prevention purposes. It identifies the device used to access the website, allowing the website to be formatted accordingly.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nBIGipServer*\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nMarketo sets this cookie to collect information about the user's online activity and build a profile about their interests to provide advertisements relevant to the user. \n\n\n  * Cookie\n__cfruid\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nCloudflare sets this cookie to identify trusted web traffic.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_GRECAPTCHA\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nGoogle Recaptcha service sets this cookie to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-YNID\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nGoogle cookie used to protect user security and prevent fraud, especially during the login process.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncookieyes-consent\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nCookieYes sets this cookie to remember users' consent preferences so that their preferences are respected on subsequent visits to this site. It does not collect or store any personal information about the site visitors.\n\n\nFunctional\nFunctional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collecting feedback, and other third-party features.\n  * Cookie\nlidc\n  * Duration\n1 day\n  * Description\nLinkedIn sets the lidc cookie to facilitate data center selection.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbrw\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbrwConsent\n  * Duration\n5 minutes\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nWMF-Uniq\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloom_anon_comment\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloom_referral_video\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nVISITOR_INFO1_LIVE\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nA cookie set by YouTube to measure bandwidth that determines whether the user gets the new or old player interface.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-connected-devices\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nThe cookie ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY is used by YouTube to store the last search result entry that was clicked by the user. This information is used to improve the user experience by providing more relevant search results in the future.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-device-id\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-session-name\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-session-name cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-fast-check-period\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-fast-check-period cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences for embedded YouTube videos.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-session-app\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-session-app cookie is used by YouTube to store user preferences and information about the interface of the embedded YouTube video player.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-cast-available\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-cast-available cookie is used to store the user's preferences regarding whether casting is available on their YouTube video player.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt-remote-cast-installed\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThe yt-remote-cast-installed cookie is used to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ncp_session\n  * Duration\n3 months\n  * Description\nCodepen sets this cookie for Help systems found in the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nloid\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by the Reddit. The cookie enables the sharing of content from the website onto the social media platform.\n\n\nAnalytics\nAnalytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.\n  * Cookie\n__hstc\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nHubspot set this main cookie for tracking visitors. It contains the domain, initial timestamp (first visit), last timestamp (last visit), current timestamp (this visit), and session number (increments for each subsequent session).\n\n\n  * Cookie\nhubspotutk\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nHubSpot sets this cookie to keep track of the visitors to the website. This cookie is passed to HubSpot on form submission and used when deduplicating contacts.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_ga\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nGoogle Analytics sets this cookie to calculate visitor, session and campaign data and track site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognise unique visitors.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_ga_*\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nGoogle Analytics sets this cookie to store and count page views.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-psifi.analyticsTrace\n  * Duration\n6 hours\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Host-psifi.analyticsTraceV2\n  * Duration\n6 hours\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n_gh_sess\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nGitHub sets this cookie for temporary application and framework state between pages like what step the user is on in a multiple step form.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nYSC\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nYSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages.\n\n\n  * Cookie\najs_anonymous_id\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by Segment to count the number of people who visit a certain site by tracking if they have visited before.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nvuid\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nVimeo installs this cookie to collect tracking information by setting a unique ID to embed videos on the website. \n\n\nPerformance\nPerformance cookies are used to understand and analyse the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.\n  * Cookie\nAWSALB\n  * Duration\n7 days\n  * Description\nAWSALB is an application load balancer cookie set by Amazon Web Services to map the session to the target.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nacq\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nacq.sig\n  * Duration\npast\n  * Description\nDescription is currently not available.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nptc\n  * Duration\n2 years\n  * Description\nNo description available.\n\n\nAdvertisement\nAdvertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customised advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyse the effectiveness of the ad campaigns.\n  * Cookie\nmuc_ads\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to collect user behaviour and interaction data to optimize the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id_marketing\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id_ads\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor.\n\n\n  * Cookie\npersonalization_id\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to integrate and share features for social media and also store information about how the user uses the website, for tracking and targeting.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nguest_id\n  * Duration\n1 year 1 month 4 days\n  * Description\nTwitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor. It registers if a user is signed in to the Twitter platform and collects information about ad preferences.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nbcookie\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nLinkedIn sets this cookie from LinkedIn share buttons and ad tags to recognize browser IDs.\n\n\n  * Cookie\n__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN\n  * Duration\n6 months\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to manage feature rollout and experimentation. It helps Google control which new features or interface changes are shown to users as part of testing and staged rollouts, ensuring consistent experience for a given user during an experiment.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt.innertube::nextId\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nyt.innertube::requests\n  * Duration\nNever Expires\n  * Description\nYouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nsession_tracker\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nThis cookie is set by the Reddit. This cookie is used to identify trusted web traffic. It also helps in adverstising on the website.\n\n\n  * Cookie\nedgebucket\n  * Duration\nsession\n  * Description\nReddit sets this cookie to save the information about a log-on Reddit user, for the purpose of advertisement recommendations and updating the content.\n\n\n  * Cookie\ndid\n  * Duration\n1 year\n  * Description\nArbor sets this cookie to show targeted ads to site visitors.This cookie expires after 2 months or 1 year.\n\n\nUncategorised\nOther uncategorised cookies are those that are being analysed and have not been classified into a category as yet.\nNo cookies to display.\nReject All Save My Preferences Accept All\nToggle Search[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)Toggle Mobile Navigation\n[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)\nPublish AI, ML & data-science insights to a global community of data professionals.\nSign in[Submit an Article](https://write.insightmediagroup.io)\n[Latest](https://towardsdatascience.com/latest/)[Editor's Picks](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/editors-pick/)[Newsletter](https://towardsdatascience.com/tag/the-variable/)[ShipAI](https://towardsdatascience.com/shipai/)\n* * *\n[Write For TDS](https://towardsdatascience.com/submissions/)\n[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/towards-data-science/)[X](https://x.com/TDataScience)Toggle Search\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790598882028_whe4x7.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n## [Where the Agent Development Lifecycle Fits](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nCoordinating agent capability development with the application it powers\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nOctober 2, 202611 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790612394479_lxsop2.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n## [How to Build a Control Plane for AI Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nGiving an LLM permission to act, in 9 steps\n[Ari Joury, PhD](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arijoury/)\nOctober 2, 202614 min read\n\n\n## Latest\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790678557625_okmbg1.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/autoencoders-vs-pca-i-rigged-the-test-and-pca-still-won/)\n## [Autoencoders vs. PCA: I Rigged the Test and PCA Still Won](https://towardsdatascience.com/autoencoders-vs-pca-i-rigged-the-test-and-pca-still-won/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nA theoretical advantage that didn't survive contact with a real benchmark.\n[Himanshu Sharma](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/hmix13/)\nOctober 1, 20267 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790515955120_pdse4x.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/can-an-apartment-search-agent-call-the-model-fewer-times-and-still-find-good-matches/)\n## [Can an Apartment Search Agent Call the Model Fewer Times and Still Find Good Matches?](https://towardsdatascience.com/can-an-apartment-search-agent-call-the-model-fewer-times-and-still-find-good-matches/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nI traced 2,500 listing checks with Weights & Biases Weave, removed avoidable model work one change at a time, and scored every version against the same answers.\n[Abdullahi Dattijo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/abdullahi.dattijo/)\nOctober 1, 202625 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790461942009_dab6y7.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n## [What the ReLU Revolution Revealed About Biological Plausibility](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n[Deep Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/deep-learning/)\nThe activation function was never a fixed biological commitment but a working hypothesis revised under empirical pressure.\n[Rob Taylor](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/dataforyou/)\nOctober 1, 202610 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790421604416_u11vqj.png)](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-ai-bill-is-a-toll-booth-stop-paying-twice/)\n## [Your AI Bill Is a Toll Booth. Stop Paying Twice.](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-ai-bill-is-a-toll-booth-stop-paying-twice/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nThe budget nobody saw coming\n[Gursimar Singh](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/gursimarsingh/)\nOctober 1, 202617 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790512789799_2i0nw1.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n## [How Many Stories Can Your Data Tell?](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nHow the way we represent data can change what we think the data is saying\n[Sara A. Metwalli](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/saraametwalli/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790684776757_348j4l.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n## [Insight Is Still the Currency of Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nCoding agents give us more time for discovery and our review practices should follow the analysis\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nSeptember 30, 202610 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790513898793_jo9vwg.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-solve-issues-when-you-nest-measures-while-overwriting-the-same-filter/)\n## [How to Solve Issues When You Nest Measures While Overwriting the Same Filter](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-solve-issues-when-you-nest-measures-while-overwriting-the-same-filter/)\n[Power BI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-analysis/power-bi/)\nIn DAX, we reuse existing measures all the time when writing new measures. What happens when we write a measure based on another measure and try to change a filter already set in the nested measure?\n[Salvatore Cagliari](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/salvatorecagliari/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790033360471_m601xr.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/towards-spec-driven-test-automation-part-2/)\n## [Towards Spec-Driven Test Automation: Part 2](https://towardsdatascience.com/towards-spec-driven-test-automation-part-2/)\n[Software Engineering](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/programming/software-engineering/)\nOne run, and what it actually proves\n[Gal Arav](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arav.012/)\nSeptember 30, 202612 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1787781210598_j4iw9v.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/i-compacted-1000-apache-iceberg-files-into-6-heres-what-happened-to-query-performance/)\n## [I Compacted 1,000 Apache Iceberg Files Into 6. Here’s What Happened to Query Performance.](https://towardsdatascience.com/i-compacted-1000-apache-iceberg-files-into-6-heres-what-happened-to-query-performance/)\n[Data Engineering](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/data-engineering/)\nBenchmarking the impact of fewer, larger files across three SQL workloads\n[Thomas Reid](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/thomas_reid/)\nSeptember 29, 202613 min read\n\n\n[See all the latest](https://towardsdatascience.com/latest)\n## Editor's Picks\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790598882028_whe4x7.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n## [Where the Agent Development Lifecycle Fits](https://towardsdatascience.com/where-the-agent-development-lifecycle-fits/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nCoordinating agent capability development with the application it powers\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nOctober 2, 202611 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790612394479_lxsop2.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n## [How to Build a Control Plane for AI Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-control-plane-for-ai-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nGiving an LLM permission to act, in 9 steps\n[Ari Joury, PhD](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/arijoury/)\nOctober 2, 202614 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790461942009_dab6y7.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n## [What the ReLU Revolution Revealed About Biological Plausibility](https://towardsdatascience.com/what-the-relu-revolution-revealed-about-biological-plausibility/)\n[Deep Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/deep-learning/)\nThe activation function was never a fixed biological commitment but a working hypothesis revised under empirical pressure.\n[Rob Taylor](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/dataforyou/)\nOctober 1, 202610 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790512789799_2i0nw1.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n## [How Many Stories Can Your Data Tell?](https://towardsdatascience.com/how-many-stories-can-your-data-tell/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nHow the way we represent data can change what we think the data is saying\n[Sara A. Metwalli](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/saraametwalli/)\nSeptember 30, 20267 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790684776757_348j4l.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n## [Insight Is Still the Currency of Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/insight-is-still-the-currency-of-data-science/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nCoding agents give us more time for discovery and our review practices should follow the analysis\n[Andrew Hinton](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/andrewhinton/)\nSeptember 30, 202610 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1790411991530_9wpe0y.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-made-data-scientists-faster-now-its-expanding-the-job/)\n## [AI Made Data Scientists Faster. Now It’s Expanding the Job.](https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-made-data-scientists-faster-now-its-expanding-the-job/)\n[Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/)\nThe real shift is bigger than productivity: AI is reshaping ownership, judgment, and the career path of data scientists.\n[Yu Dong](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/ydong029/)\nSeptember 29, 202610 min read\n\n\n## The Variable Newsletter\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/annie-spratt-kDT-gRJanKw-unsplash.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-vibe-coding-is-great-until-its-not/)\n## [TDS Newsletter: Vibe Coding Is Great. Until It's Not.](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-vibe-coding-is-great-until-its-not/)\n[The Variable](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/the-variable/)\nSorting through the good, bad, and ambiguous aspects of vibe coding\n[TDS Editors](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/towardsdatascience/)\nFebruary 5, 20264 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/helen-michielin-Q80f8Gq_Jdg-unsplash.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-january-must-reads-on-data-platforms-infinite-context-and-more/)\n## [TDS Newsletter: January Must-Reads on Data Platforms, Infinite Context, and More](https://towardsdatascience.com/tds-newsletter-january-must-reads-on-data-platforms-infinite-context-and-more/)\n[The Variable](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/the-variable/)\nDon't miss our most-read and -shared stories of the past month\n[TDS Editors](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/towardsdatascience/)\nJanuary 29, 20263 min read\n\n\n## Deep Dives\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789364910331_1dst0h.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/seizing-the-moment-the-hidden-silhouette-of-data/)\n## [Seizing the Moment: The Hidden Silhouette of Data](https://towardsdatascience.com/seizing-the-moment-the-hidden-silhouette-of-data/)\n[Data analysis](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/data-science/data-analysis/)\nHow statistical moments connect the mean, the variance, and higher powers of a distribution\n[Aniruddha Karajgi](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/polaris000/)\nSeptember 15, 202615 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789304445348_mvseq9.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-models-mse-is-lying-to-you/)\n## [Your Model’s MSE Is Lying to You](https://towardsdatascience.com/your-models-mse-is-lying-to-you/)\n[Machine Learning](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning/)\nFirst in a series on probabilistic forecasting for physical signals. Next: what happens when you roll the forecast forward more than one step.\n[Waleed Esmail](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/waleed.esmail/)\nSeptember 14, 202624 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789058744276_qdgcun.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/when-to-use-one-model-and-when-to-use-a-team-of-agents/)\n## [When to Use One Model and When to Use a Team of Agents](https://towardsdatascience.com/when-to-use-one-model-and-when-to-use-a-team-of-agents/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nWhen Codex is the right shape for the problem, when Claude Code is, and how I split 5 specialist agents between them on dense AI capacity work.\n[Naveen Goel](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/naveengoel/)\nSeptember 14, 202616 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789064330790_5tdxoz.jpg)](https://towardsdatascience.com/from-static-to-dynamic-skills-a-different-model-for-agent-knowledge/)\n## [From Static to Dynamic Skills: A Different Model for Agent Knowledge](https://towardsdatascience.com/from-static-to-dynamic-skills-a-different-model-for-agent-knowledge/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nWhy the skill-inflation panic is aimed at the wrong thing, and what it costs to make agent knowledge a build artifact instead of a file.\n[Tomer Mesika](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/tomer-mesika-tds/)\nSeptember 14, 202614 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1788899538392_bag344.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/one-capital-letter-was-silently-breaking-my-ai-support-bot-and-it-wasnt-in-the-new-model/)\n## [One Capital Letter Was Silently Breaking My AI Support Bot](https://towardsdatascience.com/one-capital-letter-was-silently-breaking-my-ai-support-bot-and-it-wasnt-in-the-new-model/)\n[Large Language Models](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/large-language-models/)\nA real Weave project that regression-tests three OpenAI models against the exact reply format your app depends on.\n[Abdullahi Dattijo](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/abdullahi.dattijo/)\nSeptember 12, 202632 min read\n  * [![](https://assets.insightmediagroup.io/media/1789012369567_r109sa.webp)](https://towardsdatascience.com/coding-agents-dont-need-longer-history-they-need-intent-continuity/)\n## [Coding Agents Don't Need Longer History — They Need Intent Continuity](https://towardsdatascience.com/coding-agents-dont-need-longer-history-they-need-intent-continuity/)\n[Agentic AI](https://towardsdatascience.com/category/artificial-intelligence/agentic-ai/)\nI built a system that automatically discovers, verifies, and applies relevant requirements from earlier interactions without asking the user where they came from.\n[Emmimal P Alexander](https://towardsdatascience.com/author/emmimalp.alexander/)\nSeptember 11, 202617 min read\n\n\n  * [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/TowardsDataScience)\n  * [X](https://x.com/TDataScience)\n  * [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/towards-data-science/)\n  * [Threads](https://www.threads.net/@towardsdatascience)\n  * [Bluesky](https://bsky.app/profile/towardsdatascience.com)\n\n\n[](https://towardsdatascience.com/)\nYour home for data science and AI. The world's leading publication for data science, data analytics, data engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence professionals.\nSubscribe to Our Newsletter[Write For TDS](https://towardsdatascience.com/submissions/)•[About](https://towardsdatascience.com/about-towards-data-science-d691af11cc2f/)•[Advertise](https://contact.towardsdatascience.com/advertise-with-towards-data-science)•[Privacy Policy](https://towardsdatascience.com/privacy-policy/)•[Terms of Use](https://towardsdatascience.com/website-terms-of-use/)\n© Insight Media Group, LLC 2026•[The New Stack](https://thenewstack.io)•[roadmap.sh](https://roadmap.sh)•[Creator Network](https://insightmediagroup.io/creator-network)\n",
  "body_base_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/pages/",
  "body_markdown_path": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/pages/archived-body.md",
  "local_html": "attachments/cfb8e9049717/pages/archived-body.html",
  "body_source": "prior_capture"
}